HYEJU LANGUAGE LAB · INTERMEDIATE 58 · LESSON 143
V/A-(으)ㄹ 때까지until…
-(으)ㄹ 때까지 means an action continues until a certain point: 비가 그칠 때까지 여기서 기다려요 (Let’s wait here until the rain stops). 다 나을 때까지 푹 쉬세요 (Rest well until you’re completely better).
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A situation you already know
You and a friend get caught in a sudden downpour outside a café.
Let’s wait in the café until the rain stops.
The waiting continues up to the moment the rain stops. That end point is marked by -(으)ㄹ 때까지.
Build the form
- 그치다 → 그치 + ㄹ 때까지 → 그칠 때까지Complete expression
- 끝나다 → 끝나 + ㄹ 때까지 → 끝날 때까지Complete expression
- 찾다 → 찾 + 을 때까지 → 찾을 때까지Complete expression
- 낫다 (ㅅ) → 나으 + ㄹ 때까지 → 나을 때까지Complete expression
- 알다 (ㄹ) → 알 + 때까지 → 알 때까지Complete expression
- Vowel stem + -ㄹ 때까지, consonant stem + -을 때까지: 끝날, 찾을 때까지.
- ㄹ stems: 알 때까지, 만들 때까지.
- Irregulars: 낫다 → 나을 때까지, 듣다 → 들을 때까지, 춥다 → 추울 때까지.
- Always -(으)ㄹ, even for past events: 어제 끝날 때까지 기다렸어요.
- Nouns use 까지 directly: 금요일까지, 졸업까지 (Lesson 20).
- Common phrases: 죽을 때까지 (until I die = forever), 이해할 때까지 (until I understand).
Think in Korean · an English-speaker’s guide
- English “until” = -(으)ㄹ 때까지, but Korean puts it after the verb: 비가 그칠 때까지 = until the rain stops.
- English uses past “until it stopped” for past stories; Korean keeps -(으)ㄹ: 그칠 때까지 기다렸어요.
- “Not… until…” in English often becomes -(으)ㄹ 때까지 + the continuing action in Korean: 엄마가 올 때까지 안 잤어요 (I didn’t sleep until Mom came).
Six examples in context
No games until you finish all your homework.
Rest well until your cold is completely gone.
Please wait here until I come back.
I’ll explain it as many times as it takes until you understand.
Yesterday I didn’t doze off once until the movie ended.
We sang until we lost our voices.
Compare with related patterns
N까지
금요일까지 끝내세요.“Finish it by/until Friday.” With nouns, just 까지 (Lesson 20).
-기 전에
비가 오기 전에 집에 가요.“Let’s go home before it rains.” Before a point, not up to it (Lesson 54).
-도록
밤늦도록 이야기했어요.“We talked until late at night.” Written-style “until / to the point of” (Lesson 101).
| Pattern | Choose it when… |
|---|---|
| -(으)ㄹ 때까지 | Until (an action/state) |
| N까지 | Until / by (a noun) |
| -기 전에 | Before |
| -도록 | Until (written style) |
Common mistakes
Always -(으)ㄹ, even in the past.
ㄹ stems don’t add 을.
ㅅ irregular: 낫다 → 나을.
Nouns take 까지 directly.
Mini practice · six questions
Try each one before opening the answer. Translation answers are models; other natural wording is possible.
- Fill in the blank버스가 ______ 정류장에서 기다렸어요. (오다)
Check answer
버스가 올 때까지 정류장에서 기다렸어요.
Vowel stem → -ㄹ 때까지 (even in the past).
- Fill in the blank선생님 말씀을 다 ______ 조용히 하세요. (듣다)
Check answer
선생님 말씀을 다 들을 때까지 조용히 하세요.
ㄷ irregular: 듣다 → 들을.
- Choose the natural form회의가 (끝날 때까지 / 끝나기 전에) 휴대폰을 꺼 주세요.
Check answer
끝날 때까지
Keep it off up to the end → 때까지.
- Choose the natural form이 일을 (내일 때까지 / 내일까지) 끝내야 해요.
Check answer
내일까지
Noun → 까지.
- Fix the mistake아기가 잠든 때까지 노래를 불러 줬어요.
Check answer
아기가 잠들 때까지 노래를 불러 줬어요.
잠들다 (ㄹ stem) → 잠들 때까지.
- Say it in KoreanI’ll practice until I can do it well.
Check answer
잘할 수 있을 때까지 연습할 거예요.
-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 + -(으)ㄹ 때까지 → 있을 때까지.
Today’s key point
V/A-(으)ㄹ 때까지 = until: vowel -ㄹ, consonant -을, ㄹ stems + 때까지. Always -(으)ㄹ, even for past stories. Nouns: N까지.
