Lesson 08 · N과/와 · 하고 · (이)랑 (And & With)
Hyeju’s Beginner Korean Grammar Class · Lesson 08
N과/와 · 하고 · (이)랑 (And & With)
Connect people and things, then say who you study, eat, or exercise with.
HYEJU LANGUAGE LAB · ENGLISH EXPLANATIONS
Watch Lesson 8 with Hyeju
Learn the vocabulary and grammar with English explanations, then review the examples and try the practice below.
Do You Remember Lesson 07?
의 links an owner or relationship to another noun. Today’s particles can connect nouns with “and” or introduce a companion with “with.”
Today’s Grammar
| Noun ending | 과/와 | 하고 | (이)랑 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consonant (받침) | 동생과 | 동생하고 | 동생이랑 |
| Vowel | 친구와 | 친구하고 | 친구랑 |
Attach the particle to the noun with no space. The ending of the noun immediately before the particle determines the form.
Part 1 · “And”: Connect Nouns
Put the particle between two nouns to list them together.
The last noun may take another particle for the whole group: 사과와 바나나를. Here 를 follows 바나나, the last noun.
Part 2 · “With”: A Companion
🌿 Hyeju’s Note · Context Tells You the Meaning
유키하고 루카스가 공부해요. = Yuki and Lucas study. 저는 유키하고 공부해요. = I study with Yuki. Read the whole sentence to distinguish “and” from “with.”
Which Form Should I Choose?
| Form | Typical use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 과/와 | Common in writing and formal contexts; also used in speech. | 친구와 함께 공부해요. |
| 하고 | Common in everyday conversation. | 친구하고 공부해요. |
| (이)랑 | Conversational and more casual in tone. | 친구랑 공부해요. |
🌿 Hyeju’s Note · Casual Particle, Polite Ending
친구랑 공부해요 still has the polite ending -요. A conversational particle does not automatically make the entire sentence 반말. In formal writing, prefer 과/와.
Mini Dialogue
Compare with similar grammar
LESSON 17
-고
밥을 먹고 커피를 마셔요.하고/와/과 join nouns. To join verbs or sentences, use -고.
Look ahead: Lesson 17 →LESSON 42
에게/한테
친구한테 선물을 줘요.하고 = “with” a companion. 한테 = “to” the person who receives something.
Look ahead: Lesson 42 →| Pattern | Joins | Where you hear it | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 와/과 | Nouns | Writing, formal speech | 빵과 우유 |
| 하고 | Nouns | Everyday speech | 빵하고 우유 |
| (이)랑 | Nouns | Casual, friendly speech | 빵이랑 우유 |
| -고 | Verbs and adjectives | Everywhere | 먹고 마셔요 |
Common mistakes
친구과 → 친구와: 친구 ends in a vowel.
동생랑 → 동생이랑: 동생 ends in a consonant.
These particles connect nouns. To connect actions, you need a verb ending such as -고, which you will learn later.
책 ends in a consonant, so use 과.
우유 ends in a vowel, so use 와.
하고 only joins nouns. To join two actions, use -고.
After a consonant, use 이랑.
Mini practice · six questions
All sentences below are new. Try each one before opening the answer.
- Fill in the blank (와/과)가방 안에 지갑___ 열쇠가 있어요.
Check answer
가방 안에 지갑과 열쇠가 있어요.
지갑 ends in ㅂ, a consonant → 과. “My wallet and keys are in the bag.”
- Fill in the blank (하고)주말에 언니___ 쇼핑해요.
Check answer
주말에 언니하고 쇼핑해요.
하고 works after any noun. “I go shopping with my older sister on weekends.”
- Choose the correct form(친구에게) 나는 커피(랑 / 이랑) 케이크 좋아해.
Check answer
랑
커피 ends in a vowel, so use 랑.
- Choose the better form(뉴스에서) 오늘 서울(과 / 이랑) 부산은 비가 와요.
Check answer
과
News and writing prefer 와/과. 이랑 is casual speech.
- Find and fix the mistake저는 아침에 빵을 먹하고 우유를 마셔요.
Check answer
저는 아침에 빵을 먹고 우유를 마셔요.
To join two actions, use -고: 먹고.
- Say it in KoreanI live with my parents.
Check answer
저는 부모님하고 같이 살아요.
하고 같이 = “together with”. 와/과 or 이랑 also work, depending on the style.
Today’s Key Point
Consonant → 과 / 이랑. Vowel → 와 / 랑.
하고 stays the same after consonants and vowels.
These particles mean “and” or “with” depending on the sentence.
과/와 is useful in formal writing; 하고 and (이)랑 are common in conversation.
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