HYEJU LANGUAGE LAB · INTERMEDIATE 38 · LESSON 123
V-는 바람에because (something suddenly happened)…
-는 바람에 explains a sudden or unexpected cause that led to a result you didn’t want: 버스를 놓치는 바람에 늦었어요 (I was late because I missed the bus). The result is usually in the past tense.
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A situation you already know
You arrive at work 20 minutes late, out of breath.
My alarm didn’t go off, so I overslept.
You didn’t plan this; the alarm problem was unexpected and the result was bad. That’s exactly where -는 바람에 fits.
Build the form
- 놓치다 → 놓치 + 는 바람에 → 놓치는 바람에Complete expression
- 울리다 → 안 울리 + 는 바람에 → 안 울리는 바람에Complete expression
- 오다 → 비가 오 + 는 바람에 → 비가 오는 바람에Complete expression
- 막히다 → 막히 + 는 바람에 → 길이 막히는 바람에Complete expression
- 넘어지다 → 넘어지 + 는 바람에 → 넘어지는 바람에Complete expression
- Verbs only: stem + -는 바람에 → 오는 바람에, 막히는 바람에.
- Always -는, even for past events. ✗ 온 바람에, ✗ 왔는 바람에.
- The second clause is usually past: … 늦었어요, 못 갔어요.
- The result is usually negative or unwanted. (Occasionally a lucky surprise.)
- No commands or suggestions in the second clause: ✗ 비가 오는 바람에 집에 있으세요.
- Adjectives don’t work: ✗ 추운 바람에 → 추워서.
Think in Korean · an English-speaker’s guide
- Picture a sudden gust of wind (바람) knocking your plans over.
- English speakers often want to use past -(으)ㄴ because the event is past; -는 바람에 stays the same.
- It’s great for apologies and excuses: 길이 막히는 바람에 늦었어요. 죄송해요.
Six examples in context
It suddenly rained, so my clothes got soaked.
The traffic was bad, so I missed my flight.
I dropped my phone, and the screen cracked.
My friend suddenly got hurt, so we canceled the trip.
I laughed so loudly that everyone looked at me.
I fell asleep on the bus and missed my stop.
Compare with related patterns
-아/어서
비가 와서 못 갔어요.“I couldn’t go because it rained.” Neutral reason, works with adjectives too (Lesson 58).
-기 때문에
비가 오기 때문에 못 갔어요.“Because it rained.” A clear, firmer reason; no “sudden” nuance (Lesson 61).
-(으)ㄴ 덕분에
친구가 도와준 덕분에 끝냈어요.“Thanks to my friend’s help, I finished.” Good cause, good result (Lesson 141).
| Pattern | Choose it when… |
|---|---|
| -는 바람에 | Sudden cause → unwanted result (past) |
| -아/어서 | General reason, any result |
| -기 때문에 | Clear, firm reason |
| -(으)ㄴ 덕분에 | Good cause → good result |
Common mistakes
Always -는, even in the past.
Adjectives can’t use -는 바람에.
No commands after -는 바람에.
The result is usually something that already happened.
Mini practice · six questions
Try each one before opening the answer. Translation answers are models; other natural wording is possible.
- Fill in the blank지갑을 집에 ______ 바람에 점심을 못 샀어요. (두고 오다)
Check answer
지갑을 집에 두고 오는 바람에 점심을 못 샀어요.
Verb + -는 바람에.
- Fill in the blank뛰어가다가 ______ 바람에 무릎을 다쳤어요. (넘어지다)
Check answer
뛰어가다가 넘어지는 바람에 무릎을 다쳤어요.
Sudden event → 넘어지는 바람에.
- Choose the natural form방이 너무 (더워서 / 더운 바람에) 잠을 못 잤어요.
Check answer
더워서
Adjective → -아/어서.
- Choose the natural form회의가 갑자기 (생기는 바람에 / 생긴 바람에) 약속에 못 갔어요.
Check answer
생기는 바람에
Always -는 바람에.
- Fix the mistake늦잠을 잤는 바람에 수업에 늦었어요.
Check answer
늦잠을 자는 바람에 수업에 늦었어요.
No past tense before 는 바람에.
- Say it in KoreanMy computer suddenly turned off, so I lost my file.
Check answer
컴퓨터가 갑자기 꺼지는 바람에 파일이 없어졌어요.
Sudden cause → bad past result.
Today’s key point
V-는 바람에 + past result: something sudden happened and caused a result you didn’t want. Always -는, verbs only, no commands after it.
