Lesson 52 · 관형형 복습: -는 / -(으)ㄴ / -(으)ㄹ

HYEJU LANGUAGE LAB · BEGINNER · 52

Use 관형형 복습: -는 / -(으)ㄴ / -(으)ㄹ in the context of describing food, people and places. Work through the form, the meaning and the examples before trying the six practice questions.

Goal: choose the correct form for the situation, then make a natural sentence of your own.

How the pattern works

Modifier + noun / 連体形+名詞

A Korean modifier comes before the noun and does not keep the sentence ending 요: 먹어요 + 음식 becomes 먹는 음식, not 먹어요 음식.

V-는 / V-(으)ㄴ / V-(으)ㄹ

Action verbs: 먹는 음식 is food someone eats/is eating; 먹은 음식 is food someone ate; 먹을 음식 is food to be eaten. These modifiers describe the action relative to the context, not merely the tense at the end of the whole sentence.

A-(으)ㄴ / 있는·없는

Present adjectives normally use -(으)ㄴ: 작은 가게, 좋은 사람. 있다/없다 and their compounds use 는: 있는 곳, 맛있는 음식, 재미없는 영화. A noun can take 인: 학생인 친구.

ㄹ stems / ㄹ語幹

살다 becomes 사는 / 산 / 살; 만들다 becomes 만드는 / 만든 / 만들. For non-ㄹ consonants, the ㄴ and ㄹ forms need 으: 먹은 / 먹을. Keep a space before the following noun.

Examples in context

지금 먹는 음식은 김밥이에요.

jigeum meongneun eumsigeun gimbabieyo

The food I am eating now is gimbap.

제가 마시는 커피는 따뜻해요.

jega masineun keopineun ttatteuthaeyo

The coffee I am drinking is warm.

어제 만난 사람은 유키 씨예요.

eoje mannan sarameun yuki ssiyeyo

The person I met yesterday is Yuki.

내일 갈 곳은 부산이에요.

naeil gal goseun busanieyo

The place I will go tomorrow is Busan.

맛있는 음식을 먹고 싶어요.

masinneun eumsigeul meokgo sipeoyo

I want to eat delicious food.

저기에 작은 가게가 있어요.

jeogie jageun gagega isseoyo

There is a small store over there.

제가 사는 집은 조용해요.

jega saneun jibeun joyonghaeyo

The home I live in is quiet.

내일 읽을 책을 샀어요.

naeil ilgeul chaegeul sasseoyo

I bought a book to read tomorrow.

Do not confuse a present adjective with a completed action just because both can end in -(으)ㄴ: 좋은 사람 is a person who is good; 만난 사람 is a person someone met. First identify whether the base word is an action verb or an adjective.

Compare with similar grammar

LESSON 57

-는 것

저는 운동하는 것을 좋아해요.

-는 + 것 turns an action into a noun: “exercising”.

Look ahead: Lesson 57 →

LESSON 53

-(으)ㄹ 때

어릴 때 부산에 살았어요.

-(으)ㄹ + 때 = “when”.

Look ahead: Lesson 53 →

LESSON 54

-(으)ㄴ 후에

밥을 먹은 후에 산책해요.

-(으)ㄴ + 후에 = “after doing”.

Look ahead: Lesson 54 →

LESSON 56

-는 동안

기다리는 동안 음악을 들었어요.

-는 + 동안 = “while”.

Look ahead: Lesson 56 →

Pattern With action verbs With adjectives and others
-(으)ㄴ past: 먹은 빵 present: 작은 방
-는 present: 먹는 빵 있다/없다 words: 맛있는 빵
-(으)ㄹ future, plan: 먹을 빵 guess: 추울 때
-인 — noun + 이다: 학생인 동생

Common mistakes

지금 자은 아기를 깨우지 마세요.지금 자는 아기를 깨우지 마세요.

Happening now → -는: 자는 아기.

키가 크는 사람이 제 형이에요.키가 큰 사람이 제 형이에요.

크다 is an adjective → 큰.

재미있은 이야기를 들었어요.재미있는 이야기를 들었어요.

있다/없다 words take -는: 재미있는.

다음 주에 만난 사람은 제 선배예요.다음 주에 만날 사람은 제 선배예요.

Next week is the future → -(으)ㄹ: 만날.

Mini practice · six questions

All sentences below are new. Try each one before opening the answer.

  1. Fill in the blank이건 제가 매일 ______ 앱이에요. (쓰다)
    Check answer

    이건 제가 매일 쓰는 앱이에요.

    Every day → present -는: 쓰는.

  2. Fill in the blank어제 ______ 빵이 아직 있어요. (사다)
    Check answer

    어제 산 빵이 아직 있어요.

    Bought yesterday → past -(으)ㄴ: 산.

  3. Choose the correct form(짧은 / 짧는) 머리가 잘 어울려요.
    Check answer

    짧은

    짧다 is an adjective → 짧은.

  4. Choose the correct form내일 (갈 / 간) 식당을 예약했어요.
    Check answer

    갈

    You’ll go tomorrow → -(으)ㄹ: 갈.

  5. Find and fix the mistake어제 읽는 책이 재미있었어요.
    Check answer

    어제 읽은 책이 재미있었어요.

    Read yesterday → past: 읽은.

  6. Say it in KoreanThe person I met yesterday is a teacher.
    Check answer

    어제 만난 사람은 선생님이에요.

    만나 + ㄴ → 만난 사람 (the person I met).

Your turn

Describe something you ate yesterday, a place you live now, and a place you will go tomorrow. Underline each modifier and its noun.

Key point

A Korean modifier comes before the noun and does not keep the sentence ending 요: 먹어요 + 음식 becomes 먹는 음식, not 먹어요 음식.

Romanization is a reading aid. Read the Hangul as often as you can; English spelling cannot reproduce every Korean sound.