Lesson 52 · 관형형 복습: -는 / -(으)ㄴ / -(으)ㄹ
HYEJU LANGUAGE LAB · BEGINNER · 52
Use 관형형 복습: -는 / -(으)ㄴ / -(으)ㄹ in the context of describing food, people and places. Work through the form, the meaning and the examples before trying the six practice questions.
How the pattern works
Modifier + noun / 連体形+名詞
A Korean modifier comes before the noun and does not keep the sentence ending 요: 먹어요 + 음식 becomes 먹는 음식, not 먹어요 음식.
V-는 / V-(으)ㄴ / V-(으)ㄹ
Action verbs: 먹는 음식 is food someone eats/is eating; 먹은 음식 is food someone ate; 먹을 음식 is food to be eaten. These modifiers describe the action relative to the context, not merely the tense at the end of the whole sentence.
A-(으)ㄴ / 있는·없는
Present adjectives normally use -(으)ㄴ: 작은 가게, 좋은 사람. 있다/없다 and their compounds use 는: 있는 곳, 맛있는 음식, 재미없는 영화. A noun can take 인: 학생인 친구.
ㄹ stems / ㄹ語幹
살다 becomes 사는 / 산 / 살; 만들다 becomes 만드는 / 만든 / 만들. For non-ㄹ consonants, the ㄴ and ㄹ forms need 으: 먹은 / 먹을. Keep a space before the following noun.
Examples in context
지금 먹는 음식은 김밥이에요.
jigeum meongneun eumsigeun gimbabieyo
The food I am eating now is gimbap.
제가 마시는 커피는 따뜻해요.
jega masineun keopineun ttatteuthaeyo
The coffee I am drinking is warm.
어제 만난 사람은 유키 씨예요.
eoje mannan sarameun yuki ssiyeyo
The person I met yesterday is Yuki.
내일 갈 곳은 부산이에요.
naeil gal goseun busanieyo
The place I will go tomorrow is Busan.
맛있는 음식을 먹고 싶어요.
masinneun eumsigeul meokgo sipeoyo
I want to eat delicious food.
저기에 작은 가게가 있어요.
jeogie jageun gagega isseoyo
There is a small store over there.
제가 사는 집은 조용해요.
jega saneun jibeun joyonghaeyo
The home I live in is quiet.
내일 읽을 책을 샀어요.
naeil ilgeul chaegeul sasseoyo
I bought a book to read tomorrow.
Compare with similar grammar
LESSON 57
-는 것
저는 운동하는 것을 좋아해요.
-는 + 것 turns an action into a noun: “exercising”.
| Pattern | With action verbs | With adjectives and others |
|---|---|---|
| -(으)ㄴ | past: 먹은 빵 | present: 작은 방 |
| -는 | present: 먹는 빵 | 있다/없다 words: 맛있는 빵 |
| -(으)ㄹ | future, plan: 먹을 빵 | guess: 추울 때 |
| -인 | — | noun + 이다: 학생인 동생 |
Common mistakes
Happening now → -는: 자는 아기.
크다 is an adjective → 큰.
있다/없다 words take -는: 재미있는.
Next week is the future → -(으)ㄹ: 만날.
Mini practice · six questions
All sentences below are new. Try each one before opening the answer.
- Fill in the blank이건 제가 매일 ______ 앱이에요. (쓰다)
Check answer
이건 제가 매일 쓰는 앱이에요.
Every day → present -는: 쓰는.
- Fill in the blank어제 ______ 빵이 아직 있어요. (사다)
Check answer
어제 산 빵이 아직 있어요.
Bought yesterday → past -(으)ㄴ: 산.
- Choose the correct form(짧은 / 짧는) 머리가 잘 어울려요.
Check answer
짧은
짧다 is an adjective → 짧은.
- Choose the correct form내일 (갈 / 간) 식당을 예약했어요.
Check answer
갈
You’ll go tomorrow → -(으)ㄹ: 갈.
- Find and fix the mistake어제 읽는 책이 재미있었어요.
Check answer
어제 읽은 책이 재미있었어요.
Read yesterday → past: 읽은.
- Say it in KoreanThe person I met yesterday is a teacher.
Check answer
어제 만난 사람은 선생님이에요.
만나 + ㄴ → 만난 사람 (the person I met).
Your turn
Describe something you ate yesterday, a place you live now, and a place you will go tomorrow. Underline each modifier and its noun.
Key point
A Korean modifier comes before the noun and does not keep the sentence ending 요: 먹어요 + 음식 becomes 먹는 음식, not 먹어요 음식.
Romanization is a reading aid. Read the Hangul as often as you can; English spelling cannot reproduce every Korean sound.
